Impasto pizza napoletanadal Libro L’arte della pizza, Mondadori. A cura di Rossopomodoro
Per fare la pizza napoletana si possono usare farine di tipo “00” o “0”, ricavate dalla macinazione di grano tenero. La “00” è sicuramente più comoda da lavorare. Un tempo le pizze preparate con le farine integrali, ricche di fibre e proteine, ma con l’avvento delle farine raffinate, più semplici da impastare, questo utilizzo cadde in disuso. Oggi, però, molti pizzaioli le prediligono riscoprendo la tradizione. Che siano raffinate o integrali, una proprietà di cui tenere sempre conto per la scelta della farina è il buon contenuto proteico, che favorisce la formazione di un impasto forte, compatto ed elastico. I pizzaioli napoletani scelgono soprattutto quella del Molino Caputo. Un’azienda, giunta alla terza generazione di mugnai, che nasce nel 1924, quando Carmine Caputo torna dagli Stati Uniti per sposarsi e poi fonda un mulino e un pastificio a Capua. Dopo la sua morte, il figlio Antimo nel 1939 acquista il mulino di San Giovanni a Teduccio, sede dell’attuale impianto di produzione, oggi guidato dai figli Eugenio e Carmine, e dal nipote Antimo. “Semplicità” è il segreto del mulino. Nella scelta e nella miscelazione dei grani prima di tutto, per ottenere farine naturali al 100%, senza aggiunta di additivi. Poi nella macinazione, eseguita lentamente affinché sia sempre estratta solo la parte migliore di ogni chicco di grano. Al Molino Caputo i pizzaioli vanno in prima persona per conoscere la produzione di quella materia prima che nelle loro mani diventerà presto un’autentica pizza napoletana. E pensare che nel 1924, quando Carmine Caputo tornò in Italia, il suo unico pensiero era prendere in moglie la sua promessa sposa. Fece molto di più, ma sempre per amore. ___________ Lievito di birra Questo è il lievito da usare per fare le vostre pizze napoletane in casa. E’ chiamato così perché ricavato dalla lavorazione della birra: oggi si ottiene dalla barbabietola da zucchero. In pizzeria i pizzaioli usano anche il lievito madre, un impasto fermentato (quello realizzato il giorno prima per esempio) in cui si sviluppano microrganismi e fermenti lattici che favoriscono la lievitazione naturale. _____ Acqua Sembra banale parlare di acqua, invece è un ingrediente fondamentale perché è dal suo perfetto contatto con farina e lievito che nascerà un ottimo impasto. Deve essere moderatamente dura, quindi valutate se usare quella dei vostri rubinetti o prediligere acqua in bottiglia, più adatta. ____ Sale Il sale, oltre ovviamente alla sua caratteristica di sapidità, agisce come inibitore del lievito e rafforza l’impasto. Optate per un sale iodato e scioglietelo sempre bene nell’acqua prima di iniziare a impastare. _____________ Glossario Lievitazione Si intende l’aumento di volume dell’impasto provocato dall’azione fermentativa del lievito che produce anidride carbonica, la quale a sua volta rimane intrappolata nella pasta grazie alla struttura della maglia glutinica. Maglia glutinica Durante la lavorazione dell’impasto, il glutine contenuto nella farina a contatto con l’acqua e grazie al movimento deciso ma delicato allo stesso tempo delle vostre mani creerà una fitta rete elastica, forte e compatta, che appunto si definisce maglia glutinica. Maturazione o riposo E’ un insieme di processi che vanno nella direzione opposta rispetto a quello che accade durante la lavorazione, ossia le strutture più complesse dell’impasto, proteine, amidi e grassi vengono scomposti in elementi più semplici indebolendo la struttura che diventa così più estensibile in fase di stesura e quindi più leggera e digeribile. Punto di pasta Ogni pizzaiolo conosce bene il suo punto di pasta, che altro non è che il giusto equilibrio tra gli ingredienti dell’impasto in lavorazione. Ve ne accorgerete anche voi quando nelle vostre mani sentirete l’impasto elastico, morbido e non più appiccicoso. Ingredienti
Quindi sbriciolate il lievito nella farina. Cominciate pian piano a impastare il tutto con le mani e mescolate con forza per evitare che si formino grumi. Versate la farina rimasta e continuate a lavorare con le mani fino a raggiungere il cosiddetto "punto di pasta". Ora mettete l'impasto sul piano di lavoro e continuate a impastare molto energicamente per 10 minuti fino a quando avrà formato una "maglia glutinica" di buona consistenza. Realizzate un unico grande panetto tondo e liscio e riponetelo a risposare nel contenitore o nella madia per 30 minuti. Questo tipo di impasto può essere realizzato anche con la tecnica della luna lievitazione a 7-8 ore, diminuendo il lievito di birra a 1,5 g. Con questo genere di lievitazione otterrete una pizza ancora più fragrante e assai più digeribile. Formatura o stagliatura Con un coltello dividere l'impasto ottenuto in 6 panetti di circa 230 g ciascuno. Arrotondateli lavorandoli bene con le mani e facendo fuoriuscire l'aria. Poneteli ben distanziati in un contenitore per alimenti con coperchio e lasciateli lievitare e maturare per un'ora in un luogo fresco. In alternativa poneteli sul piano di lavoro coperti con un panno. Stesura Con l'aiuto di una spatola prendete un panetto, passatelo velocemente nella farina e adagiatelo sul piano di lavoro. Con le mani vicine, stendete l'impasto con le dita dal centro verso l'esterno, in modo che i gas si concentrino nel bordo formando un bel cornicione. Allargate la pizza con un movimento rotatorio delle mani, avendo l'accortezza di non schiacciare il bordo. Proseguite con la ricetta che avete scelto. Cottura nel forno di casa Riscaldate il forno, in cui avrete già disposto la pietra refrattaria, per almeno mezz'ora a 250-300 °C. "Tirate" la pizza sulla pala o su un tagliere e con un movimento deciso fatela scivolare sulla pietra, poi fatela cuocere nel forno per 4-5 minuti circa alla stessa temperatura. In alternativa alla pietra refrattaria, potete utilizzare una teglia unta di circa 30 cm di diametro. Cottura tradizionale nel forno a legna La pizza napoletana si cuoce sempre nel forno a legna. Questo tipo di cottura dona alla pizza i suoi caratteristici colori, odori e fragranza. Il classico forno a legna è costitutito da una cupola fatta di mattoni di pietra refrattaria e da un piano di cottura realizzato con pietra di Sorrento (detta biscotto). La temperatura, alimentata dalla brace e dalla fiamma, arriva oltre i 450 °C. I pizzaioli, dopo aver steso e guarnito la pizza, la "tirano" sulla pala con un movimento rotatorio e poi la infornano facendola scivolare sul piano con un deciso movimento di polso. La cottura dura da 60 a 90 secondi durante i quali la pizza viene girata per far arrivare il calore su ogni lato. Per le pizze ripiene la cottura è più lenta e avviene a bocca di forno. Fonte Luciano Pignataro
0 Comments
Neapolitan pizza doughNeapolitan pizza dough is the simplest thing in the world- it only contains four ingredients! Below is a recipe to give you a great start on making a basic Neapolitan pizza dough, but you can experiment with mixing, proofing and fermentation times to really give YOUR dough a unique flavour and finish.
Ingredients
There are a great number of techniques that can be utilised for making Neapolitan dough- some people believe it’s best to ball the dough immediately from the mixer, whilst others will ferment at room temperature and some will do a mix. This technique tends to work best for the home pizza chef as the dough is bulk fermented for an extended period, negating the need to try and store balled dough in your fridge! To begin, mix the flour with 90% of the water in a mixer with the dough hook attachment. As soon as it’s combined, turn the mixer off, and leave the dough for half an hour to hydrate the flour. When the time is up, mix the salt with the remaining water and add to your bowl. Mix for 30seconds before adding the yeast. Once you’ve added the yeast, mix on the lowest speed for 10 minutes, then turn the mixer off and leave your dough to sit for 10 minutes. Next add in the oil, if using, and mix for further 5 minutes. Transfer the dough to a large container and cover loosely with a tea towel and leave at room temperature for 30minutes. Finally, cling film the container and transfer to the fridge for 2 days. When the day comes to cook the pizzas, divide the dough into 270g chunks and shape into smooth balls. Leave the dough balls at room temperature for around 2 hours before opening into a pizza skin and cooking. Top Tip: When cooking pizzas in your wood fired oven; remember that you will need a large rolling flame and your oven roaring hot to get that 90 second cook time! The pizza pie is an ubiquitous symbol of both Italian cookingPizza
The pizza pie is an ubiquitous symbol of both Italian cooking and Americana. Oven-baked, thin-crust or deep-dish, round or square, it is a common favorite throughout the United States, with a wide number of regional variations. The most traditional pie is the pizza Napolitano, or Neapolitan pizza. Made of strong flour, the dough is often kneaded by hand and then rolled flat and thin without a rolling pin. The pizza is cooked in an extremely hot wood-fired stone oven for only sixty to ninety seconds, and is removed when it is soft and fragrant. Common varieties of Neapolitan pizza include marinara, made with tomato, olive oil, oregano, and garlic, and margherita, made with tomato, olive oil, fresh basil leaves, and mozzarella cheese. New York was home to the first pizza parlor in the United States, opened in Little Italy in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi. It is not surprising, then, that New York-style pizza dominates in the Northeastern part of the country. It is thin-crusted, and made with a thin layer of sauce and grated cheese. The dough is hand-tossed, making the pie large and thin. As a result, it is served cut into slices, traditionally eight, which are often eaten folded in half. It can be served with any number of toppings, including pepperoni, the most popular topping in the United States, or as a white pizza, which includes no tomato sauce and is made with a variety of cheeses, such as mozzarella and ricotta. Chicago is also home to a major variety of pizza.The Chicago-style pizza is deep dish, meaning it is made in a pan with the crust formed up the sides, or even with two crusts and sauce between, a so-called stuffed pizza. The ingredients are reversed in a Chicago pizza, with cheese going in first, and then sauce on top. This particular form of pizza was invented in 1943 at Unos Pizzeria in the River North neighborhood of Chicago. The Midwest also plays host to the St. Louis style pizza. This thin-crust delicacy is made using local provel cheese instead of mozzarella, and is very crispy. Heavily seasoned with oregano and other spices, with a slightly sweet sauce, it is difficult to fold because of the crust and is often cut into squares, instead of served in slices. A Hawaiian pizza is an American invention that has nothing to do with Hawaii save that one of the main ingredients is pineapple. The pineapple is put atop the pizza, along with Canadian bacon, giving a rather sweet taste very different from pizzas closer to the Italian original. Hawaiian pizza is very common in the Western United States. In fact, a number of esoteric pizzas are common on the West coast, and gourmet pizza is often referred to as California-style pizza. This is an example of fusion cuisine, and many of the pizzas go far beyond the common tomato sauce and cheese. Thai pizza, for example, can include bean sprouts and peanut sauce, while breakfast pizza, as the name implies, may be topped with bacon and scrambled eggs. As a gourmet food, California pizzas are often individual sized, serving two people at most, and are not cut in slices like other common types of pizza pie. Pizza is as diverse as America itself, with almost infinite variations all of them delicious. Rediscovering Grilled PizzaRediscovering Grilled Pizza
Americas favorite food has long been the pizza cooked in a traditional oven but is that about to change? While most Americans have probably never indulged in a grilled pizza, the origins of pizza are making a big comeback. There is no denying that we love our traditional backyard barbeque but rarely, if ever has the barbeque included grilling a pizza. Despite the seemingly odd combination of grill and pizza, the grill is the ideal tool for cooking pizza and in fact is deep in the origin of pizza making. The high, dry heat is ideal for a nice crisp crust and the flavor provided from your grill will on a whole new world of backyard grilling. Before the word pizza was ever used, Greeks and Romans used wood-fired brick ovens to prepare the original version of pizza flatbread. In ancient times each diner was given a piece of flat bread along with a piece of meat on the bread. This food was eaten with the fingers with an occasional knife to cut the meat. Little did they know that this would eventually spark the creation one of the Americas favorite foods. Grilled Pizza Techniques: Ingredients: 1 teaspoon dried yeast 1 tablespoon soy oil 1 teaspoon sugar ½ cup warm water (110°F) 1 ½ cup bread flour 1 tablespoon soy flour 1 teaspoon salt Instructions: Combine yeast, sugar and ½ cup very warm water in bowl, let sit for five minutes. Combine flour and salt in bowl. Mix yeast mixture with bowl containing dry ingredients. Add a little extra flour if dough is sticky. Knead for a good 10 minutes. Put into a greased bowl and let rise for 60 minutes until it doubles in size. Turn out onto a floured surface then knead lightly until smooth. Roll out into a ¼" thick, 12" diameter circle. The thinner the dough is rolled, the better. Before placing your crust on the grill, be sure that your grill is both clean and well oiled. This will help prevent the dough from sticking to the grill. You will need something large enough to transport your dough to the grill. A pizza spatula is highly recommended for this task. Brush an even coat of extra virgin olive oil on the side that will be facing down first. The oil will introduce flavor and help to keep the dough from sticking to the grill as well as giving the crust a nice crisp finish. Before placing your pizza on the grill, you may want to remove the top rack of your grill to make it easier to flip your pizza. Cook the first side from 1-3 minutes before flipping depending on the heat of your grill. During this time you will need to brush olive oil on the side that is facing up. While cooking the first side, peak under the edge of the crust to monitor its finish. Cook until you are satisfied with the finish and then flip your crust over. After flipping, immediately apply any topping that you would like. Its highly recommended that you keep the topping very light, as they will not have a chance to cook on the grill without burning the crust. You may consider precooking certain ingredients such as meats and thick vegetables. Be sure to lower the lid as soon as possible to trap the heat in and finish cooking the toppings. Cook the pizza for an additional 2-3 minutes or until you are satisfied with the crusts finish. You are now ready to experience one great pizza with deep tradition. Cut your pizza into triangle shaped slices or try cutting them into 1 wide strips. This shape is great for a party snacks! The Evolution Of PizzaThe Evolution Of Pizza
Trying to trace the history of the first pizza is a surprisingly controversial subject. Some claim that this popular food is based on early unleavened breads served in the early centuries in Rome. Others trace a connection from modern pizza back to the pita breads of Greece. It's fairly well established that the first pizza as we know it today was created by a man named Raffaele Esposito from Naples, Italy. Esposito's creation was designed to honor the visit of Queen Margherita to Naples in 1889, and he decorated it with the colors of the Italian flag, using white cheese, green basil, and red tomatoes (tomatoes, which had arrived from the west about 60 years earlier, were originally thought to be poisonous, but by Esposito's time they were already embraced by Italian cuisine). As the years passed and the turn of the century came about, Italian immigrants brought this recipe with them to America. The first pizzeria was opened in America in 1905. It remained popular almost exclusively among immigrants until the end of World War II, when American soldiers returned to their home soil and brought back a love of the pizza they had discovered overseas. With that, the pizza boom in America began and this food became a mainstream meal instead of an underground Italian snack. The concentration of Italian immigrants in New York in those olden days explains the fact that many people feel you must visit New York to get true pizzeria-style pizza. It's where the pizza got its American start, after all. And nobody who has experienced New York style pizza can disagree. New York is famous for its pizzerias, where a true slice of pizza consists of a thin, wide crust loaded with plenty of toppings and marinara and smothered in heady Italian seasonings. A side of garlic bread and some heady pastas and tortellinis usually round out the menu. Pizzerias in New York are not for the faint of heart. In the early 1940s, the city of Chicago, IL took pizza in a different direction. It is believed that the first pizzeria in Chicago was Pizzeria Uno, opened in 1943 by Ike Sewell. Sewell's pizza creation was a new twist on the old New York standard. He created what is known today as deep-dish pizza, where the pizza is sunk low into a deeper pan, and the crust is allowed to rise in thick bubbles around the edges. People flocked to Sewell's pizzeria, and a whole new way of looking at this favorite food was born. To this day you can find yourself in some pretty heated debates if you argue with a New Yorker or a Chicagoan about what constitutes authentic pizzeria-style pizza. But whatever crust style you choose, pizza is a unique food with a foggy past and a definite appeal that has lasted through many incarnations. So you're lucky enough to find yourself in New York or Chicago, or any city for that matter that has a true pizzeria, complete with checked tablecloths and plenty of garlic on the menu, indulge yourself in an old tradition and order a slice. After all, its tradition. a qui per modificare. |
AuthorVinci Coppolas Archives
April 2024
Categories
All
|